Oral Sex and HIV Risk
Oral sex involves giving or receiving oral stimulation (i.e., sucking or licking) to the penis (fellatio), the vagina (cunnilingus), or the anus (anilingus). HIV can be transmitted during any of these activities, but the risk is much less than that from anal or vaginal sex. Receiving fellatio, giving or receiving cunnilingus, and giving or receiving anilingus carry little to no risk. The highest oral sex risk is to individuals performing fellatio on an HIV-infected man, with ejaculation in the mouth.1,2
Risk of HIV
Even though oral sex carries a lower risk of HIV transmission than other sexual activities, the risk is not zero. It is difficult to measure the exact risk because people who practice oral sex may also practice other forms of sex during the same encounter. When transmission occurs, it may be the result of oral sex or other, riskier sexual activities, such as anal or vaginal sex.
If the person receiving oral sex has HIV, their blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, or vaginal fluid may contain the virus. If the person performing oral sex has HIV, blood from their mouth may enter the body of the person receiving oral sex through the lining of the urethra (the opening at the tip of the penis), vagina, cervix, or anus, or through cuts and sores.
Several factors may increase the risk of HIV transmission through oral sex, including oral ulcers, bleeding gums, genital sores, and the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
Risk of Other Infections
In addition to HIV, other organisms can be transmitted through oral sex with an infected partner, leading to herpes, syphilis, gonorrhea, genital warts (human papillomavirus, or HPV), intestinal parasites (amebiasis), or hepatitis A or B infection.
Reducing the Risk
The following things can reduce the risk of getting HIV through oral sex:
- If giving oral sex, avoid having your partner ejaculate in your mouth.
- Use barriers, such as condoms, natural rubber latex sheets, dental dams, or cut-open nonlubricated condoms between your mouth and your partner’s genitals or rectum.
The risk of getting HIV from oral sex is lower if you are already taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) consistently and correctly or if your partner is living with HIV and is taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) consistently and correctly. PrEP is a drug (Truvada) that can be prescribed to people at substantial risk of HIV to prevent infection. ART is a combination of drugs to treat HIV in people who already have HIV.
Keep in mind that barrier methods are the only way to protect against some STDs, including gonorrhea of the throat. Although the chance of getting or transmitting HIV from rimming (mouth to rectum) is small, there is a greater chance of transmitting hepatitis A and B, parasites, and other bacteria to the partner who is doing the rimming. There are effective vaccines that protect against hepatitis A and B and the human papillomavirus infections (HPV).
For information on reducing the risk of HIV infection from anal or vaginal sex or for information on PrEP, please visit the HIV Basics section.
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如果口交被动者携带HIV的话,那么他们的血液,精液,前列腺液,阴道液就可能带有病毒。如果口交主动者携带HIV,其口腔的血液有可能通过被动者的尿道口,阴道,宫颈,肛门,开放性伤口(猜测cuts是这个意思)以及疱疹进入口交被动者体内。
一些因素可能提高通过口交传播HIV的风险,包括口腔溃疡,牙龈出血,生殖器疱疹或者已感染的其他性传播疾病。
个人认为至少这段所叙述的内容比起以前看到的其他文献并没有实质性的进展。。。。依旧没有表明是否存在因口交感染HIV的实际案例,文章中多处也用到了‘可能’这种比较含糊的字眼。。。其他感染途径也是老生常谈的东西了。
The risk of getting HIV from oral sex is lower if you are already taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) consistently and correctly or if your partner is living with HIV and is taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) consistently and correctly. PrEP is a drug (Truvada) that can be prescribed to people at substantial risk of HIV to prevent infection. ART is a combination of drugs to treat HIV in people who already have HIV. 好震惊,我以前的认知是只要是和病毒携带者发生关系就一定会染病,这篇文章告诉我们对于那些坚持且正确地服用反逆转录药物的感染者,和他们发生关系会降低感染风险。。。